With the rapid evolution of modern communication technology towards high density, high integration, and wide-area coverage, together with the substantial increase of various wireless access terminals, the spectrum resources have become particularly precious. At the same time, lectromagnetic interference problems caused by various spectrum emissions are emerging in an endless stream. Among them, the spectrum interference caused by nonlinearity is the most urgent and thorny one. Generally, nonlinear characteristics are inherent parasitic in microwave circuits and devices. Compared with the nonlinearities in active devices, the passive devices have extremely weak nonlinearities that can be changed by various factors, but the intermodulation interference caused by weak nonlinearity of passive devices has significant complex causes, difficulties in detection and suppression, and behaves instability, which has caused lingering difficulties and pains in ommunication systems. In long-distance and high-power communication situations such as satellites and base stations, passive intermodulation (PIM) has become an un-eliminated and uncatchable ‘ghost’ that seriously influences the normal performance of communication systems. Therefore, this paper sorts out the classic all PIM problems and the latest progress of PIM researches rldwide, and systematically summarizes the PIM modeling,detection, test, ppression, and cancellation methodologies in recent decades. This work will provide a comprehensive technical reference to PIM modeling, detection, and suppression in engineering applications. Combing with the characteristics of the new generation of 5G and 6G wireless communication technologies, the hot spots research direction of passive device nonlinearity and PIM in the future are discussed.

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